OpenWrt – Rev 3
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/*
* Copyright (C) 2009 Gabor Juhos <juhosg@openwrt.org>
*
* This tool was based on:
* TP-Link WR941 V2 firmware checksum fixing tool.
* Copyright (C) 2008,2009 Wang Jian <lark@linux.net.cn>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published
* by the Free Software Foundation.
*
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h> /* for unlink() */
#include <libgen.h>
#include <getopt.h> /* for getopt() */
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <endian.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include "md5.h"
#include "mktplinkfw-lib.h"
#define HEADER_VERSION_V1 0x01000000
#define HEADER_VERSION_V2 0x02000000
struct fw_header {
uint32_t version; /* header version */
char vendor_name[24];
char fw_version[36];
uint32_t hw_id; /* hardware id */
uint32_t hw_rev; /* hardware revision */
uint32_t region_code; /* region code */
uint8_t md5sum1[MD5SUM_LEN];
uint32_t unk2;
uint8_t md5sum2[MD5SUM_LEN];
uint32_t unk3;
uint32_t kernel_la; /* kernel load address */
uint32_t kernel_ep; /* kernel entry point */
uint32_t fw_length; /* total length of the firmware */
uint32_t kernel_ofs; /* kernel data offset */
uint32_t kernel_len; /* kernel data length */
uint32_t rootfs_ofs; /* rootfs data offset */
uint32_t rootfs_len; /* rootfs data length */
uint32_t boot_ofs; /* bootloader data offset */
uint32_t boot_len; /* bootloader data length */
uint16_t ver_hi;
uint16_t ver_mid;
uint16_t ver_lo;
uint8_t pad[130];
char region_str1[32];
char region_str2[32];
uint8_t pad2[160];
} __attribute__ ((packed));
struct fw_region {
char name[4];
uint32_t code;
};
/*
* Globals
*/
char *ofname;
char *progname;
static char *vendor = "TP-LINK Technologies";
static char *version = "ver. 1.0";
static char *fw_ver = "0.0.0";
static uint32_t hdr_ver = HEADER_VERSION_V1;
static char *layout_id;
struct flash_layout *layout;
static char *opt_hw_id;
static uint32_t hw_id;
static char *opt_hw_rev;
static uint32_t hw_rev;
static uint32_t opt_hdr_ver = 1;
static char *country;
static const struct fw_region *region;
static int fw_ver_lo;
static int fw_ver_mid;
static int fw_ver_hi;
struct file_info kernel_info;
static uint32_t kernel_la = 0;
static uint32_t kernel_ep = 0;
uint32_t kernel_len = 0;
struct file_info rootfs_info;
uint32_t rootfs_ofs = 0;
uint32_t rootfs_align;
static struct file_info boot_info;
int combined;
int strip_padding;
int add_jffs2_eof;
static uint32_t fw_max_len;
static uint32_t reserved_space;
static struct file_info inspect_info;
static int extract = 0;
static bool endian_swap = false;
static const char md5salt_normal[MD5SUM_LEN] = {
0xdc, 0xd7, 0x3a, 0xa5, 0xc3, 0x95, 0x98, 0xfb,
0xdd, 0xf9, 0xe7, 0xf4, 0x0e, 0xae, 0x47, 0x38,
};
static const char md5salt_boot[MD5SUM_LEN] = {
0x8c, 0xef, 0x33, 0x5b, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0xce, 0xfa,
0xa7, 0x9c, 0x28, 0xda, 0xb2, 0xe9, 0x0f, 0x42,
};
static struct flash_layout layouts[] = {
{
.id = "4M",
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "4Mlzma",
.fw_max_len = 0x3c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x100000,
}, {
.id = "8M",
.fw_max_len = 0x7c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "8Mlzma",
.fw_max_len = 0x7c0000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x100000,
}, {
.id = "16M",
.fw_max_len = 0xf80000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x140000,
}, {
.id = "16Mlzma",
.fw_max_len = 0xf80000,
.kernel_la = 0x80060000,
.kernel_ep = 0x80060000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x100000,
}, {
.id = "16Mppc",
.fw_max_len = 0xf80000,
.kernel_la = 0x00000000 ,
.kernel_ep = 0xc0000000,
.rootfs_ofs = 0x2a0000,
}, {
/* terminating entry */
}
};
static const struct fw_region regions[] = {
/* Default region (universal) uses code 0 as well */
{"US", 1},
{"EU", 0},
{"BR", 0},
};
static const struct fw_region * find_region(const char *country) {
size_t i;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(regions); i++) {
if (strcasecmp(regions[i].name, country) == 0)
return ®ions[i];
}
return NULL;
}
static void usage(int status)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [OPTIONS...]\n", progname);
fprintf(stderr,
"\n"
"Options:\n"
" -c use combined kernel image\n"
" -e swap endianness in kernel load address and entry point\n"
" -E <ep> overwrite kernel entry point with <ep> (hexval prefixed with 0x)\n"
" -L <la> overwrite kernel load address with <la> (hexval prefixed with 0x)\n"
" -H <hwid> use hardware id specified with <hwid>\n"
" -W <hwrev> use hardware revision specified with <hwrev>\n"
" -C <country> set region code to <country>\n"
" -F <id> use flash layout specified with <id>\n"
" -k <file> read kernel image from the file <file>\n"
" -r <file> read rootfs image from the file <file>\n"
" -a <align> align the rootfs start on an <align> bytes boundary\n"
" -R <offset> overwrite rootfs offset with <offset> (hexval prefixed with 0x)\n"
" -o <file> write output to the file <file>\n"
" -s strip padding from the end of the image\n"
" -j add jffs2 end-of-filesystem markers\n"
" -N <vendor> set image vendor to <vendor>\n"
" -V <version> set image version to <version>\n"
" -v <version> set firmware version to <version>\n"
" -m <version> set header version to <version>\n"
" -i <file> inspect given firmware file <file>\n"
" -x extract kernel and rootfs while inspecting (requires -i)\n"
" -X <size> reserve <size> bytes in the firmware image (hexval prefixed with 0x)\n"
" -h show this screen\n"
);
exit(status);
}
static int check_options(void)
{
int ret;
int exceed_bytes;
if (inspect_info.file_name) {
ret = get_file_stat(&inspect_info);
if (ret)
return ret;
return 0;
} else if (extract) {
ERR("no firmware for inspection specified");
return -1;
}
if (opt_hw_id == NULL) {
ERR("hardware id not specified");
return -1;
}
hw_id = strtoul(opt_hw_id, NULL, 0);
if (!combined && layout_id == NULL) {
ERR("flash layout is not specified");
return -1;
}
if (opt_hw_rev)
hw_rev = strtoul(opt_hw_rev, NULL, 0);
else
hw_rev = 1;
if (country) {
region = find_region(country);
if (!region) {
ERR("unknown region code \"%s\"", country);
return -1;
}
}
if (combined) {
if (!kernel_la || !kernel_ep) {
ERR("kernel loading address and entry point must be specified for combined image");
return -1;
}
} else {
layout = find_layout(layouts, layout_id);
if (layout == NULL) {
ERR("unknown flash layout \"%s\"", layout_id);
return -1;
}
if (!kernel_la)
kernel_la = layout->kernel_la;
if (!kernel_ep)
kernel_ep = layout->kernel_ep;
if (!rootfs_ofs)
rootfs_ofs = layout->rootfs_ofs;
if (reserved_space > layout->fw_max_len) {
ERR("reserved space is not valid");
return -1;
}
}
if (kernel_info.file_name == NULL) {
ERR("no kernel image specified");
return -1;
}
ret = get_file_stat(&kernel_info);
if (ret)
return ret;
kernel_len = kernel_info.file_size;
if (!combined) {
fw_max_len = layout->fw_max_len - reserved_space;
if (rootfs_info.file_name == NULL) {
ERR("no rootfs image specified");
return -1;
}
ret = get_file_stat(&rootfs_info);
if (ret)
return ret;
if (rootfs_align) {
kernel_len += sizeof(struct fw_header);
rootfs_ofs = ALIGN(kernel_len, rootfs_align);
kernel_len -= sizeof(struct fw_header);
DBG("rootfs offset aligned to 0x%u", rootfs_ofs);
exceed_bytes = kernel_len + rootfs_info.file_size - (fw_max_len - sizeof(struct fw_header));
if (exceed_bytes > 0) {
ERR("images are too big by %i bytes", exceed_bytes);
return -1;
}
} else {
exceed_bytes = kernel_info.file_size - (rootfs_ofs - sizeof(struct fw_header));
if (exceed_bytes > 0) {
ERR("kernel image is too big by %i bytes", exceed_bytes);
return -1;
}
exceed_bytes = rootfs_info.file_size - (fw_max_len - rootfs_ofs);
if (exceed_bytes > 0) {
ERR("rootfs image is too big by %i bytes", exceed_bytes);
return -1;
}
}
}
if (ofname == NULL) {
ERR("no output file specified");
return -1;
}
ret = sscanf(fw_ver, "%d.%d.%d", &fw_ver_hi, &fw_ver_mid, &fw_ver_lo);
if (ret != 3) {
ERR("invalid firmware version '%s'", fw_ver);
return -1;
}
if (opt_hdr_ver == 1) {
hdr_ver = HEADER_VERSION_V1;
} else if (opt_hdr_ver == 2) {
hdr_ver = HEADER_VERSION_V2;
} else {
ERR("invalid header version '%u'", opt_hdr_ver);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
void fill_header(char *buf, int len)
{
struct fw_header *hdr = (struct fw_header *)buf;
memset(hdr, 0, sizeof(struct fw_header));
hdr->version = htonl(hdr_ver);
strncpy(hdr->vendor_name, vendor, sizeof(hdr->vendor_name));
strncpy(hdr->fw_version, version, sizeof(hdr->fw_version));
hdr->hw_id = htonl(hw_id);
hdr->hw_rev = htonl(hw_rev);
hdr->kernel_la = htonl(kernel_la);
hdr->kernel_ep = htonl(kernel_ep);
hdr->kernel_ofs = htonl(sizeof(struct fw_header));
hdr->kernel_len = htonl(kernel_len);
if (!combined) {
if (boot_info.file_size == 0)
memcpy(hdr->md5sum1, md5salt_normal, sizeof(hdr->md5sum1));
else
memcpy(hdr->md5sum1, md5salt_boot, sizeof(hdr->md5sum1));
hdr->fw_length = htonl(layout->fw_max_len);
hdr->rootfs_ofs = htonl(rootfs_ofs);
hdr->rootfs_len = htonl(rootfs_info.file_size);
}
hdr->ver_hi = htons(fw_ver_hi);
hdr->ver_mid = htons(fw_ver_mid);
hdr->ver_lo = htons(fw_ver_lo);
if (region) {
hdr->region_code = htonl(region->code);
snprintf(
hdr->region_str1, sizeof(hdr->region_str1), "00000000;%02X%02X%02X%02X;",
region->name[0], region->name[1], region->name[2], region->name[3]
);
snprintf(
hdr->region_str2, sizeof(hdr->region_str2), "%02X%02X%02X%02X",
region->name[0], region->name[1], region->name[2], region->name[3]
);
}
if (endian_swap) {
hdr->kernel_la = bswap_32(hdr->kernel_la);
hdr->kernel_ep = bswap_32(hdr->kernel_ep);
}
if (!combined)
get_md5(buf, len, hdr->md5sum1);
}
static int inspect_fw(void)
{
char *buf;
struct fw_header *hdr;
uint8_t md5sum[MD5SUM_LEN];
int ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
buf = malloc(inspect_info.file_size);
if (!buf) {
ERR("no memory for buffer!\n");
goto out;
}
ret = read_to_buf(&inspect_info, buf);
if (ret)
goto out_free_buf;
hdr = (struct fw_header *)buf;
inspect_fw_pstr("File name", inspect_info.file_name);
inspect_fw_phexdec("File size", inspect_info.file_size);
if ((ntohl(hdr->version) != HEADER_VERSION_V1) &&
(ntohl(hdr->version) != HEADER_VERSION_V2)) {
ERR("file does not seem to have V1/V2 header!\n");
goto out_free_buf;
}
inspect_fw_phexdec("Version 1 Header size", sizeof(struct fw_header));
memcpy(md5sum, hdr->md5sum1, sizeof(md5sum));
if (ntohl(hdr->boot_len) == 0)
memcpy(hdr->md5sum1, md5salt_normal, sizeof(md5sum));
else
memcpy(hdr->md5sum1, md5salt_boot, sizeof(md5sum));
get_md5(buf, inspect_info.file_size, hdr->md5sum1);
if (memcmp(md5sum, hdr->md5sum1, sizeof(md5sum))) {
inspect_fw_pmd5sum("Header MD5Sum1", md5sum, "(*ERROR*)");
inspect_fw_pmd5sum(" --> expected", hdr->md5sum1, "");
} else {
inspect_fw_pmd5sum("Header MD5Sum1", md5sum, "(ok)");
}
if (ntohl(hdr->unk2) != 0)
inspect_fw_phexdec("Unknown value 2", hdr->unk2);
inspect_fw_pmd5sum("Header MD5Sum2", hdr->md5sum2,
"(purpose yet unknown, unchecked here)");
if (ntohl(hdr->unk3) != 0)
inspect_fw_phexdec("Unknown value 3", hdr->unk3);
printf("\n");
inspect_fw_pstr("Vendor name", hdr->vendor_name);
inspect_fw_pstr("Firmware version", hdr->fw_version);
inspect_fw_phex("Hardware ID", ntohl(hdr->hw_id));
inspect_fw_phex("Hardware Revision", ntohl(hdr->hw_rev));
inspect_fw_phex("Region code", ntohl(hdr->region_code));
printf("\n");
inspect_fw_phexdec("Kernel data offset",
ntohl(hdr->kernel_ofs));
inspect_fw_phexdec("Kernel data length",
ntohl(hdr->kernel_len));
inspect_fw_phex("Kernel load address",
ntohl(hdr->kernel_la));
inspect_fw_phex("Kernel entry point",
ntohl(hdr->kernel_ep));
inspect_fw_phexdec("Rootfs data offset",
ntohl(hdr->rootfs_ofs));
inspect_fw_phexdec("Rootfs data length",
ntohl(hdr->rootfs_len));
inspect_fw_phexdec("Boot loader data offset",
ntohl(hdr->boot_ofs));
inspect_fw_phexdec("Boot loader data length",
ntohl(hdr->boot_len));
inspect_fw_phexdec("Total firmware length",
ntohl(hdr->fw_length));
if (extract) {
FILE *fp;
char *filename;
printf("\n");
filename = malloc(strlen(inspect_info.file_name) + 8);
sprintf(filename, "%s-kernel", inspect_info.file_name);
printf("Extracting kernel to \"%s\"...\n", filename);
fp = fopen(filename, "w");
if (fp) {
if (!fwrite(buf + ntohl(hdr->kernel_ofs),
ntohl(hdr->kernel_len), 1, fp)) {
ERR("error in fwrite(): %s", strerror(errno));
}
fclose(fp);
} else {
ERR("error in fopen(): %s", strerror(errno));
}
free(filename);
filename = malloc(strlen(inspect_info.file_name) + 8);
sprintf(filename, "%s-rootfs", inspect_info.file_name);
printf("Extracting rootfs to \"%s\"...\n", filename);
fp = fopen(filename, "w");
if (fp) {
if (!fwrite(buf + ntohl(hdr->rootfs_ofs),
ntohl(hdr->rootfs_len), 1, fp)) {
ERR("error in fwrite(): %s", strerror(errno));
}
fclose(fp);
} else {
ERR("error in fopen(): %s", strerror(errno));
}
free(filename);
}
out_free_buf:
free(buf);
out:
return ret;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int ret = EXIT_FAILURE;
progname = basename(argv[0]);
while ( 1 ) {
int c;
c = getopt(argc, argv, "a:H:E:F:L:m:V:N:W:C:ci:k:r:R:o:xX:ehsjv:");
if (c == -1)
break;
switch (c) {
case 'a':
sscanf(optarg, "0x%x", &rootfs_align);
break;
case 'H':
opt_hw_id = optarg;
break;
case 'E':
sscanf(optarg, "0x%x", &kernel_ep);
break;
case 'F':
layout_id = optarg;
break;
case 'W':
opt_hw_rev = optarg;
break;
case 'C':
country = optarg;
break;
case 'L':
sscanf(optarg, "0x%x", &kernel_la);
break;
case 'm':
sscanf(optarg, "%u", &opt_hdr_ver);
break;
case 'V':
version = optarg;
break;
case 'v':
fw_ver = optarg;
break;
case 'N':
vendor = optarg;
break;
case 'c':
combined++;
break;
case 'k':
kernel_info.file_name = optarg;
break;
case 'r':
rootfs_info.file_name = optarg;
break;
case 'R':
sscanf(optarg, "0x%x", &rootfs_ofs);
break;
case 'o':
ofname = optarg;
break;
case 's':
strip_padding = 1;
break;
case 'i':
inspect_info.file_name = optarg;
break;
case 'j':
add_jffs2_eof = 1;
break;
case 'x':
extract = 1;
break;
case 'e':
endian_swap = true;
break;
case 'h':
usage(EXIT_SUCCESS);
break;
case 'X':
sscanf(optarg, "0x%x", &reserved_space);
break;
default:
usage(EXIT_FAILURE);
break;
}
}
ret = check_options();
if (ret)
goto out;
if (!inspect_info.file_name)
ret = build_fw(sizeof(struct fw_header));
else
ret = inspect_fw();
out:
return ret;
}