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1 office 1 .\" Copyright (c) Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>
2 .\"
3 .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
4 .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
5 .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of
6 .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
7 .\"
8 .\" References consulted:
9 .\" OpenGroup's Single Unix specification http://www.UNIX-systems.org/online.html
10 .\" POSIX 2001 draft6
11 .\"
12 .TH ICONV 1 "March 31, 2007" "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
13 .SH NAME
14 iconv \- character set conversion
15 .SH SYNOPSIS
16 .nf
17 iconv [\fIOPTION\fP...] [\fB\-f\fP \fIencoding\fP] [\fB\-t\fP \fIencoding\fP] [\fIinputfile\fP ...]
18 iconv \fB\-l\fP
19 .fi
20 .SH DESCRIPTION
21 The \fBiconv\fP program converts text from one encoding to another encoding.
22 More precisely, it converts \fBfrom\fP the encoding given for the \fB\-f\fP
23 option \fBto\fP the encoding given for the \fB\-t\fP option. Either of these
24 encodings defaults to the encoding of the current locale. All the
25 \fIinputfile\fPs are read and converted in turn; if no \fIinputfile\fP is
26 given, the standard input is used. The converted text is printed to standard
27 output.
28 .PP
29 The encodings permitted are system dependent. For the libiconv implementation,
30 they are listed in the iconv_open(3) manual page.
31 .PP
32 Options controlling the input and output format:
33 .TP
34 \fB\-f\fP \fIencoding\fP, \fB\-\-from\-code=\fP\fIencoding\fP
35 Specifies the encoding of the input.
36 .TP
37 \fB\-t\fP \fIencoding\fP, \fB\-\-to\-code=\fP\fIencoding\fP
38 Specifies the encoding of the output.
39 .PP
40 Options controlling conversion problems:
41 .TP
42 \fB\-c\fP
43 When this option is given, characters that cannot be converted are silently
44 discarded, instead of leading to a conversion error.
45 .TP
46 \fB\-\-unicode\-subst=\fP\fIformatstring\fP
47 When this option is given, Unicode characters that cannot be represented in
48 the target encoding are replaced with a placeholder string that is constructed
49 from the given \fIformatstring\fP, applied to the Unicode code point. The
50 \fIformatstring\fP must be a format string in the same format as for the
51 .I printf
52 command or the
53 .I printf()
54 function, taking either no argument or exactly one unsigned integer argument.
55 .TP
56 \fB\-\-byte\-subst=\fP\fIformatstring\fP
57 When this option is given, bytes in the input that are not valid in the source
58 encoding are replaced with a placeholder string that is constructed from the
59 given \fIformatstring\fP, applied to the byte's value. The \fIformatstring\fP
60 must be a format string in the same format as for the
61 .I printf
62 command or the
63 .I printf()
64 function, taking either no argument or exactly one unsigned integer argument.
65 .TP
66 \fB\-\-widechar\-subst=\fP\fIformatstring\fP
67 When this option is given, wide characters in the input that are not valid in
68 the source encoding are replaced with a placeholder string that is constructed
69 from the given \fIformatstring\fP, applied to the byte's value. The
70 \fIformatstring\fP must be a format string in the same format as for the
71 .I printf
72 command or the
73 .I printf()
74 function, taking either no argument or exactly one unsigned integer argument.
75 .PP
76 Options controlling error output:
77 .TP
78 \fB\-s\fP, \fB\-\-silent\fP
79 When this option is given, error messages about invalid or unconvertible
80 characters are omitted, but the actual converted text is unaffected.
81 .PP
82 The \fBiconv \-l\fP or \fBiconv \-\-list\fP command lists the names of the
83 supported encodings, in a system dependent format. For the libiconv
84 implementation, the names are printed in upper case, separated by whitespace,
85 and alias names of an encoding are listed on the same line as the encoding
86 itself.
87 .SH EXAMPLES
88 .TP
89 \fBiconv \-f ISO\-8859\-1 \-t UTF\-8\fP
90 converts input from the old West-European encoding ISO\-8859\-1 to Unicode.
91 .PP
92 .nf
93 \fBiconv \-f KOI8\-R \-\-byte\-subst="<0x%x>"\fP
94 \fB \-\-unicode\-subst="<U+%04X>"\fP
95 .fi
96 .RS
97 converts input from the old Russian encoding KOI8\-R to the locale encoding,
98 substituting an angle bracket notation with hexadecimal numbers for invalid
99 bytes and for valid but unconvertible characters.
100 .RE
101 .TP
102 \fBiconv \-\-list\fP
103 lists the supported encodings.
104 .SH "CONFORMING TO"
105 POSIX:2001
106 .SH "SEE ALSO"
107 .BR iconv_open (3),
108 .BR locale (7)