opensim-development – Rev 1
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/*
* Copyright (c) Contributors, http://opensimulator.org/
* See CONTRIBUTORS.TXT for a full list of copyright holders.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of the OpenSimulator Project nor the
* names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
* DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
* (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Text;
using log4net;
namespace OpenSim.Framework
{
/// <summary>
/// Used for requests to untrusted endpoints that may potentially be
/// malicious
/// </summary>
public static class UntrustedHttpWebRequest
{
/// <summary>Setting this to true will allow HTTP connections to localhost</summary>
private const bool DEBUG = true;
private static readonly ILog m_log =
LogManager.GetLogger(
System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType);
private static readonly ICollection<string> allowableSchemes = new List<string> { "http", "https" };
/// <summary>
/// Creates an HttpWebRequest that is hardened against malicious
/// endpoints after ensuring the given Uri is safe to retrieve
/// </summary>
/// <param name="uri">Web location to request</param>
/// <returns>A hardened HttpWebRequest if the uri was determined to be safe</returns>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If uri is null</exception>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If uri is unsafe</exception>
public static HttpWebRequest Create(Uri uri)
{
return Create(uri, DEBUG, 1000 * 5, 1000 * 20, 10);
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates an HttpWebRequest that is hardened against malicious
/// endpoints after ensuring the given Uri is safe to retrieve
/// </summary>
/// <param name="uri">Web location to request</param>
/// <param name="allowLoopback">True to allow connections to localhost, otherwise false</param>
/// <param name="readWriteTimeoutMS">Read write timeout, in milliseconds</param>
/// <param name="timeoutMS">Connection timeout, in milliseconds</param>
/// <param name="maximumRedirects">Maximum number of allowed redirects</param>
/// <returns>A hardened HttpWebRequest if the uri was determined to be safe</returns>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">If uri is null</exception>
/// <exception cref="ArgumentException">If uri is unsafe</exception>
public static HttpWebRequest Create(Uri uri, bool allowLoopback, int readWriteTimeoutMS, int timeoutMS, int maximumRedirects)
{
if (uri == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("uri");
if (!IsUriAllowable(uri, allowLoopback))
throw new ArgumentException("Uri " + uri + " was rejected");
HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(uri);
httpWebRequest.MaximumAutomaticRedirections = maximumRedirects;
httpWebRequest.ReadWriteTimeout = readWriteTimeoutMS;
httpWebRequest.Timeout = timeoutMS;
httpWebRequest.KeepAlive = false;
return httpWebRequest;
}
public static string PostToUntrustedUrl(Uri url, string data)
{
try
{
byte[] requestData = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
HttpWebRequest request = Create(url);
request.Method = "POST";
request.ContentLength = requestData.Length;
request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
using (Stream requestStream = request.GetRequestStream())
requestStream.Write(requestData, 0, requestData.Length);
using (WebResponse response = request.GetResponse())
{
using (Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())
return responseStream.GetStreamString();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
m_log.Warn("POST to untrusted URL " + url + " failed: " + ex.Message);
return null;
}
}
public static string GetUntrustedUrl(Uri url)
{
try
{
HttpWebRequest request = Create(url);
using (WebResponse response = request.GetResponse())
{
using (Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())
return responseStream.GetStreamString();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
m_log.Warn("GET from untrusted URL " + url + " failed: " + ex.Message);
return null;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Determines whether a URI is allowed based on scheme and host name.
/// No requireSSL check is done here
/// </summary>
/// <param name="allowLoopback">True to allow loopback addresses to be used</param>
/// <param name="uri">The URI to test for whether it should be allowed.</param>
/// <returns>
/// <c>true</c> if [is URI allowable] [the specified URI]; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
/// </returns>
private static bool IsUriAllowable(Uri uri, bool allowLoopback)
{
if (!allowableSchemes.Contains(uri.Scheme))
{
m_log.WarnFormat("Rejecting URL {0} because it uses a disallowed scheme.", uri);
return false;
}
// Try to interpret the hostname as an IP address so we can test for internal
// IP address ranges. Note that IP addresses can appear in many forms
// (e.g. http://127.0.0.1, http://2130706433, http://0x0100007f, http://::1
// So we convert them to a canonical IPAddress instance, and test for all
// non-routable IP ranges: 10.*.*.*, 127.*.*.*, ::1
// Note that Uri.IsLoopback is very unreliable, not catching many of these variants.
IPAddress hostIPAddress;
if (IPAddress.TryParse(uri.DnsSafeHost, out hostIPAddress))
{
byte[] addressBytes = hostIPAddress.GetAddressBytes();
// The host is actually an IP address.
switch (hostIPAddress.AddressFamily)
{
case System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork:
if (!allowLoopback && (addressBytes[0] == 127 || addressBytes[0] == 10))
{
m_log.WarnFormat("Rejecting URL {0} because it is a loopback address.", uri);
return false;
}
break;
case System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6:
if (!allowLoopback && IsIPv6Loopback(hostIPAddress))
{
m_log.WarnFormat("Rejecting URL {0} because it is a loopback address.", uri);
return false;
}
break;
default:
m_log.WarnFormat("Rejecting URL {0} because it does not use an IPv4 or IPv6 address.", uri);
return false;
}
}
else
{
// The host is given by name. We require names to contain periods to
// help make sure it's not an internal address.
if (!allowLoopback && !uri.Host.Contains("."))
{
m_log.WarnFormat("Rejecting URL {0} because it does not contain a period in the host name.", uri);
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// Determines whether an IP address is the IPv6 equivalent of "localhost/127.0.0.1".
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ip">The ip address to check.</param>
/// <returns>
/// <c>true</c> if this is a loopback IP address; <c>false</c> otherwise.
/// </returns>
private static bool IsIPv6Loopback(IPAddress ip)
{
if (ip == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("ip");
byte[] addressBytes = ip.GetAddressBytes();
for (int i = 0; i < addressBytes.Length - 1; i++)
{
if (addressBytes[i] != 0)
return false;
}
if (addressBytes[addressBytes.Length - 1] != 1)
return false;
return true;
}
}
}